The Nikon D40/D40x is the smallest, lightest, and cheapest APS-C DSLR
from any manufacturer. This is the first camera that makes effective
use of the fact that there is a powerful computer inside and a big LCD
display on the back. When you're choosing ISO, for example, the Nikon
D40 shows a blue sky mid-day scene for ISO 200, a speeding jetski for
ISO 400, a brightly lit exterior for ISO 800, and a pianist on stage
for ISO 1600. This is the best designed camera for a photographer
stepping up from a point and shoot digicam.
Hannah Thiem
Why step up from a point-and-shoot to the Nikon D40/D40x?
- better controls for creativity; the fancier point and shoots offer
full manual control, but they have so few buttons that changing a
setting involves wading deep into menus. To switch the D40 from
aperture- to shutter-priority, for example, you simply turn a big knob
on top of the camera from "A" to "S".
- reliability; SLR bodies almost never fail; by comparison, point and
shoot cameras are built for light weight and low cost
- big bright accurate optical viewfinder
- good quality indoor images without blasting everything with
flash
- ability to attach specialty lenses, e.g., very wide angle lenses for
interiors, scenery, and architecture, or long telephoto lenses for
sports photography
Nikon makes essentially the same camera in two versions, the D40 with
a 6 megapixel sensor and the D40x with a 10 megapixel sensor. Both
are sold with a 18-55/3.5-5.6 AF-S zoom lens. You can buy both from
Adorama:
D40 Key Features
Hannah Thiem
- 6.1 megapixel output
- 1/500th of a second flash sync speed
- three-area AF sensor
- only autofocuses with Nikon AF-S lenses: no internal focus drive motor
- ISO sensitivity range 200-1600 plus HI 1 (3200 equiv)
- 2.5 fps continuous burst speed
- 2.5" 230,000 pixel LCD monitor
- help suggestions on the LCD monitor
- very compact, light body: 1.22 lb. with card and batteries
- info button near the shutter release accesses verbal descriptions and example photos displayed on the rear LCD to show appropriate situations for different settings
D40x Differences
- 10.2 megapixel output
- ISO sensitivity range 100-1600 plus HI 1 (3200 equiv)
- 3.0 fps continuous burst speed
Autofocus
The D40/D40x incorporates a fast and accurate three-zone autofocus
system, with sensors arranged horizontally across the frame. The
central sensor is a cross, sensitive to both vertical and horizontal
lines. You can set up the autofocus system to stick with one sensor,
choose the sensor over the closest subject, or choose a sensor with a
magic algorithm. Although the D40/D40x has fewer AF zones than more
advanced models such as the D80 or the D200, the focussing is
comparatively fast.
Controls
Hannah Thiem
The Nikon D40/D40x has the standard exposure modes: Programmed
autoexposure, Shutter-priority auto, Aperture-priority auto and
Metered Manual. In preparing to capture images, bring up the exposure
settings on the rear LCD by pressing either the information button
behind the shutter release or the magnification button next to the
LCD. Depending on the exposure mode, you can adjust aperture or
shutter speed by rotating the control wheel. Unlike the bigger Nikon
bodies, the D40/D40x lacks a second dial on the front under the
shutter release, which would allow for simultaneous adjustment of
shutter and aperture settings while in manual mode. Manual mode
requires depressing the exposure compensation located behind the
shutter, while rotating the control wheel at the same time.
In addition to the creative exposure modes, the D40/D40x's top-deck
control wheel offers seven Digital Vari-Program (idiot) modes: flash
off, portrait, landscape, child, sports, close up and night portrait.
In an idiot mode, the camera will adjust itself to reasonable settings
for a particular kind of photograph.
Flash
This camera has a built-in pop-up flash and is compatible with any of
the Nikon i-TTL flashes. Nikon created the
Nikon SB-400 AF Speedlight as a
small, lightweight, low-cost accessory unit, although it does not have
wireless capability. Maximum flash sync speed is a remarkable 1/500th
on the D40, which enables fill flash in bright light or outdoors. The
D40x has a more standard shutter, with flash sync up to 1/200th of a
second.
Hannah Thiem
Adjusting Settings
The most important settings can be adjusted by pressing the info
button behind the shutter release to turn on the LCD screen, followed
by pressing the -i- button to the left of the LCD screen. Then you
use the up, down, and OK menu navigation buttons. Settings on this
quick menu include file format, white balance, ISO, motor drive,
autofocus, autofocus sensor, metering pattern, flash mode, flash
exposure compensation, and ambient exposure compensation.
Viewfinder
The viewfinder shows you about 95% of the image that the sensor will
capture. An LCD display at the bottom of the viewfinder, just
underneath the image, shows focus confirmation (green dot that appears
when the image is in focus), shutter speed, aperture, the exposure
meter, the flash setting, and a counter showing how many more images
can be captured before the in-camera memory buffer is filled. The eye
relief is adequate for eyeglass wearers: all corners of the frame and
the LCD display are visible.
In-camera Editing
As on the D80, the D40/D40x has built-in editing functions, which
include cropping, image resizing, color balancing with color
histograms, color filter effects, redeye removal, and D-lighting for
adjusting and toning down scene contrast. Other creative features
include image overlay and monochrome effects in black-and-white, sepia
and cyanotype. The edited versions are saved as separate files on the
SD card, preserving the original images.
Glenn Ikeda
Storage
The D40/D40x takes a secure digital (SD) card, which stores JPEG, RAW, or
RAW + basic JPEG images. The in-camera memory is sufficient to allow a burst of 100
JPEG images at 2.5 frames per second. We tested the camera with
a Sandisk 4GB SD card.
Batteries
The Nikon D40/D40x uses a 2.3 oz. Lithium-ion battery, which supplies
power for up to 470 photographs. If traveling, you may want to
purchase a backup
battery.
Mechanical Construction
Everything is made out of plastic, but we dropped the camera, with kit
lens attached, from a 4' height onto a tile floor, and it continues to
function normally.
Compared to the Nikon D80
The D80 has two control wheels, making it much easier to operate in
metered manual mode. The D80 has 11 autofocus zones, making it more
suitable for sports photography. The D80 may be better-sealed and
slightly more rugged than the D40. The D80 costs approximately $450
more than the D40 and $250 more than the D40x.
Compared to the Canon Rebel XTi
The Nikon D40x and the Canon Rebel XTi are comparable in capability
and price. When choosing between them, unless you never plan to buy
another lens, the important choice is actually between the Canon and
Nikon systems. See "Building
a digital SLR system".
The Kit Lens
Reasonably good close-up capability...
Hannah Thiem
Not quite long enough for wildlife...
Hannah Thiem
Hannah Thiem
Conclusion
Hannah Thiem
For a new DSLR photographer on a tight budget, the Nikon D40/D40x is a
great value in a small package. If you're going to make poster-sized
prints or crop your images extensively, the higher resolution of the
D40x might be worthwhile. If your goal is 8x10" prints or smaller,
and Web display, going beyond the 6 megapixels of the D40 doesn't make
sense.
Where to buy
Adorama offers both the
Nikon D40, 18-55mm kit, $470 and the
Nikon D40x, $590. The kit lens is
adequate for photography on a sunny day or with flash. You can get
slightly higher image quality and more zoom range with the
Nikon 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5G ED IF AF-S DX. For indoor or available-light
photography, buy the Sigma 30mm f/1.4 EX DC for Nikon, $439 for low-light
photography. The Nikon 55-200mm f4-5.6G ED AF-S DX Nikkor Zoom (Black), $180 is an inexpensive
lens with a long reach, acceptable for outdoor sports photography.
More
Text and pictures, except as otherwise indicated, ©2007 Hannah Thiem. All photos,
except where noted, taken with the 18-55mm kit lens.
Article revised May 2008.
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