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Digital Color

A Field Guide by Maureen C. Stone, reviewed by Bob Atkins, 2005


 

Who is this book for?

Well, I'll let the author cover that in her own words.

  • Students learning about color, especially those in computer science, engineering and digital media
  • Engineers and computer scientists who need to learn about digital color
  • Graphic artists and digital photographers who are tired of books that present only "how to" without describing "why?"
  • Experts in one field of color who want to learn about other fields
  • Anyone wanting a broad introduction to digital color

The book is divided in 12 chapters, each covering a different aspect of digital color. One excellent principle which runs through the book is the citation of reference works, both books and journal articles, which can provide further information for the interested reader. There's also an extensive annotated bibliography at the end of the book.

cones1.jpg (15106 bytes)Chapter 1 - Color Vision

Chapter one covers the physical and physiological basic of color. It introduces the concepts of the spectrum of visible light, rod and cone light sensitive cells in the eye and  trichromacity - the ability to describe colors in terms of three color stimuli (red, green and blue). This chapter also introduces CIE colorimetry which is the foundation for all color space schemes.

Chapter 2 - Color Appearance

In chapter two the author discusses perceptual color spaces such as L*,a*,b* (LAB color) and gives their mathematical derivation. This is perhaps the most technical chapter, but contains nothing more than simple linear algebraic equations. You don't have to understand the equations to grasp the underlying concepts though, and the chapter and rest of the book are quite readable even if you skip the math!

Chapter 3 - RGB and Brightness

Another chapter with a little math, in chapter 3 the author analyses the RGB and sRGB system, brightness scales and non-linear color spaces.

rainbow1.jpg (17865 bytes)Chapter 4 - Color in Nature

In this chapter the author explains the origin or colors in nature, from variations in the spectrum of the illuminating source to diffraction and interference patterns, scattering and refraction (rainbows). It also covers pigments, paints and dyes.

Chapter 5 - Color Reproduction

Chapter 5 covers tome mapping and color balance and introduces histograms. It also covers color for broadcast TV reproduction and graphic arts.

Chapter 6 - Image Capture

This chapter describes the color systems used by cameras and scanners. The use or red, green and blue filters and the use of Bayer color arrays. It discusses coding systems such as TIFF, JPEG, PNG

Chapter 7 - Additive Color Systems

Additive color system are those which generate color by the addition of colors. These include CRT monitors, flat panel displays (LCD, plasma) and digital projectors. They typically use Red, Green and Blue light sources

Chapter 8 - Subtractive Color Systems

Subtractive color systems are used for printing, whether by ink jet, dye sub or laser based printers, or by printing on conventional photographic paper. They typically use Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (CMYK) inks. This chapter covers the color aspects of printing digital images.

gamuts1.jpg (21290 bytes)Chapter 9 - Color Management Systems

Chapter 9 covers the theory behind color management. Though Photoshop 6.0 is used as an example, as the author said upfront, this isn't a "How to" guide. It covers the theory behind color profiles, color gamuts and gamut mapping, and different RGB working spaces such as sRGB and  Adobe RGB.

Chapter 10 - Computer Graphics

This chapter covers color in 3D graphics computer rendering.

Chapter 11 - Color Selection and Design

Chapter 11 covers the aesthetics of color, which colors "work" next to other colors, complementary colors etc.

Chapter 12 - Color in Information Display

In the final chapter the author discusses the use of color to present information, such as in color coding maps.

 

Conclusion

Overall this book fills a gap in the literature of digital color. It presents the principles behind many of the concepts familiar to digital photographers, but which are never explained in detail in photography or digital imaging books aimed at the consumer. On the other hand it's no so technical as to be unintelligible to someone who doesn't have a degree in physics or computer science. It's certainly not a "how to" book, and after reading it you won't be able to control all the color aspects of your digital photography. However you may understand better what you're doing when you do follow "how to" guides which are a little light on explanations.

Recommended for the technically orriented reader who wants to know more about digital color.

 


All original text ©2005 Bob Atkins (www.bobatkins.com)

Article created 2005

Readers' Comments


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Arthur Yeo , March 02, 2005; 11:25 P.M.

Any ideas what is the background of the author?

Bob Atkins , March 03, 2005; 12:58 A.M.

The author worked at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) on digital color related projects. That's all the info I have.

See http://www.parc.xerox.com/research/publications/results.php?author=857 for several of her publications.

I should also say that the book is published by A.K.Peters Ltd. of Natick, MA. Copyright is 2003, ISBN is 1-56881-161-6 and there are 326 numbered pages.

Ilia Varlachkine , March 03, 2005; 04:07 A.M.

Funny this should come up just at the time when I started looking for something to learn color theory! Thanks for review Bob.

Does this book cover things like what is meaning of 'bias' and 'gain' when setting custom color temperature on a monitor or how do 'perceptual' and 'relative' color space conversions work?

Mark Skelly , March 03, 2005; 09:53 A.M.

People interested in the color side of digital imaging might also consider the Real World series books by Bruce Fraser. If you're shooting digital and printing inkjet, I'd recommend this trio: Real World Adobe Camera Raw, Real World Photoshop CS, and Real World Color Management. Between these three, pretty much any concept you could think of, or need to think of, is covered. The books explain everything from optical theory and physics to the settings on the buttons actually used in practice. For those also printing to press, the addition of Professional Photoshop by Dan Margulis completes a formidable collection of usable information.

Eric Zhou , March 03, 2005; 08:14 P.M.

Is the book evolved from the course Stone taught on Siggraph'02? http://www.siggraph.org/conferences/reports/s2002/tech/crs21.html

Here is her homepage if anyone needs more information http://www.stonesc.com

Bob Atkins , March 06, 2005; 11:00 P.M.

There's a fairly good section on perceptual color spaces which includes info on things like the Munsell color tree, CIELAB and CIELUV.

I don't think it goes into much detail about setting monitor color temperature.

Robert K , March 23, 2005; 08:28 A.M.

Unlike reviews of photo equipments, reviews of photo related books tend not to make comparisons between books on similar subjects. I really appreciate equipment reviews that compare a reviewed equipment with similar equipments which I am familiar with. It provides a much needed context. With all the digital photo books I have already read, and many more showing up in the bookstores almost daily, I think much value can be added if book reviews can include comparisons. BTW, why is this book picked to be reviewed?

Andy Aardema , March 29, 2005; 11:00 A.M.

How about a picture of the lens? =)

Also, how does the size/weight compare to the sigma 12-24 and nikon 12-24?


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