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Cypress 9MP APS-C Digital Sensor

by Bob Atkins

There was in interesting annoucement today from Cypress, a 9MP APS-C sized CMOS sensor which they project will sell for around $90 and which should be available in quantity in early 2006. I don't know what the current cost of APS-C sensors used by Canon, Nikon, Minolta and Pentax are, but I'd be willing to bet that they aren't less than $90 !

Will this mean we're going to see a bunch of APS-C sized sensor digicams? We'll, maybe some but I doubt we'll see "a bunch". A larger sensor means a larger camera and a larger lens. One of the things people seem to like most about digicams is that they are small. APS-C sized sensor cameras would probably be about the same size as 35mm P&S cameras and that's quite a bit bigger than most digicams. The 35mm P&S lenses are also much slower than current digicam lenses. You can't stick a 35-105 f2.8 zoom on a 35mm P&S because it would be larger than the camera is, but you can easily put an f2.8 35-105/2.8 (equivalent) lens on a 1/1.7" sensor sized digicam and keep the whole thing small.

These sensors could certainly give rise to more APS-C sensor "bridegcams", SLR like cameras with SLR like lenses, but with a non removable zoom. There size isn't so much of an issue. It could also give rise to the digital equaivalent of the Olympus Stylus Epic or Yashica T4 - a fairly small camera with a high quality, fast, fixed focal length lens like a 35/2.8 or maybe even a 28/2.8. The trick there will be convincing camera makers that such a camera would sell in enough volume to make it worth producing. It certainly would be a specialist item.

Maybe the more interesting question (or at leat an "at least as interesting" question) is if they can make an APS-C sized chip with 9MP for $90, how much would a full frame chip cost? Based only on area, it would be around $200. However cost doesn't scale with area since yield drops on larger chips. Still, a $1000 full frame sensor would seem possible, maybe even a $500 sensor. Time will tell.

Cypress sensors were used in the ill-fated 14MP full frame Kodak DSLRs which were not known for their high speed, low noise/high ISO performance and which didn't sell well despite their relatively low cost. What the noise/speed ratio will be for these new sensors remains to be seen.

 

Cypress Samples Low-Cost, 9-Megapixel APS CMOS Image Sensors With Superior Image Quality for High-End Digital Still Camera Market

First Cypress-Manufactured Sensor Features Low Dark Current and Low Noise to Deliver Picture Quality On Par With More Expensive CCD Devices

Cypress 9 MP.jpg (98543 bytes)
 

SAN JOSE, Calif., November 7, 2005 - Cypress Semiconductor Corp. (NYSE: CY) today announced commercial sampling of its new 9.0-megapixel CMOS image sensors for high-end digital still cameras (DSCs). The cost-effective new image sensors offer low dark current and low noise, on par with that of more expensive charge coupled devices (CCDs). These features deliver outstanding image quality, enabling camera makers to meet the increasing demand for high-performance, economically priced single-lens reflex (SLR) DSCs. 

The CYIHDSC9000AA (color) and CYIHDSM9000AA (monochrome) are the first image sensors manufactured on Cypress's high-volume, low-cost 0.13-micron CMOS process optimized for image sensors. The image sensors take advantage of Cypress's proprietary, high fill-factor pixel architecture, eliminating the need for microlenses.  With a maximum resolution of 3710 x 2434 pixels, the sensors are capable of delivering superior image quality, color rendition and dynamic range. They are ideally suited for camera-makers targeting advanced amateurs, photo enthusiasts and professional photographers.

"Low dark current and low noise are essential for today's high-end DSC market," said Cliff Drowley, vice president and general manager of Cypress's image sensor business unit. "Our patented pixel architecture, proven in Kodak's DCS Pro SLR line of cameras, is the only CMOS architecture capable of achieving the noise and dark current targets demanded by high-end DSC manufacturers. What is equally attractive to camera makers is this high-end solution does not come with a high-end price."

The new devices are Cypress's first non-proprietary image sensor targeted at high-end DSCs and build on a foundation established by the 13.85-megapixel image sensor developed for Kodak.  The sensors also complement a stable of other Cypress products targeted at the DSC market, including timing solutions and USB controllers.

The image sensors feature a pixel pitch of 6.4-micron and an image array of 3710 x 2434 pixels. The array format is 23.3-mm x 15.5-mm2 with a diagonal dimension of 28-mm, resulting in an effective focal length multiplier of 1.5 compared to a full frame 35-mm camera. The aspect ratio is 3:2. The devices are capable of delivering five frames-per-second (fps) at full resolution and 20 fps at VGA resolution.

Price and Availability
Cypress is currently sampling the CYIHDSC9000AA and CYIHDSM9000AA with production volumes expected to be available in February of 2006. Pricing is expected to be approximately $90.00 each, depending on quantities. A high-resolution photo is available at www.cypress.com/9-megapixelAPS.

Cypress Image Sensors
Cypress's broad CMOS image sensor portfolio spans both the high-end and consumer mass markets.  Cypress delivers high-performance sensors for custom and high-end digital photography; ultra high-speed imaging solutions for automotive safety, machine vision and motion analysis; and consumer-oriented solutions for ultra-slim digital still cameras, single-use cameras and camera-enabled mobile devices." CMOS image sensors complement Cypress's technology and market strengths. The sensors expand Cypress's existing presence in digital still cameras, where it sells a broad array of timing solutions; in the automotive sector, where it sells configurable microcontrollers and memories; and in mobile phones where it is a leader in low-power memories.

About Cypress
Cypress solutions are at the heart of any system that is built to perform: consumer, computation, data communications, automotive, industrial, and solar power. Leveraging a strong commitment to customer service and performance-based process and manufacturing expertise, Cypress's product portfolio includes a broad selection of wired and wireless USB devices, CMOS image sensors, timing solutions, network search engines, specialty memories, high-bandwidth synchronous and micropower memory products, optical solutions, and reconfigurable mixed-signal arrays. Cypress stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CY. More information about the company is available online at www.cypress.com.

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Peter Yee , November 07, 2005; 11:09 P.M.

Ninety dollars is not too far off from what I would estimate for the low end Canon sensors. I suspect the Canon 1ds MkII's sensor is about 4000, 5D's about 1500, 20D's about 150 and Xt's about 120.

m elek , November 08, 2005; 12:44 A.M.

If 1DS and 5D are both full frame, why should the sensor in the 1DS be more expensive than the one in the 5D?

Bob Atkins , November 08, 2005; 01:06 A.M.

It's got more pixels and therefore, I'd suspect, has a lower yield.

The cost of large sensors comes from the number you have to throw away before you get a good one, not the materials cost in making just one.

Bas Scheffers , November 08, 2005; 03:35 A.M.

Bob, the same comments about the lens size problems as you made, I made a couple of times before in bboard threads where people were preaching the age of the APS-C - and even "full frame" - compacts, not realising that the zoom lenses in 35mm P&S cameras were great f/4.5-13 jobbies.

Of course I was branded a nutcase by some for that, so get ready for some flaming yourself! :)

But I think it won't be popular with "SLR-style" cameras either, simply because they seem to be losing their appeal with DSLRs being not more expensive but giving better performance. Of course, folks who don't want to create a whole SLR system (think Sony, HP) system might still try, but I think it's a market that won't be as big in 2 years as it is now.

Of course, someone could make a great "digital Stylus Epic/Mju-II" with a fixed 35mm lens on it. I'd probably buy one, but as you said, a mass market that ain't either...

Aizan Sasayama , November 08, 2005; 04:02 A.M.

Wouldn't there be problems with vignetting in large sensor P&S digicams? This sensor doesn't have microlenses.

Martin Mikolajek , November 08, 2005; 06:55 A.M.

I don't know whether there is a market for this, but I would definitely appreciate a P&S with APS sensor and decent fast prime for let's say no more than $500.

Ron Chappel , November 08, 2005; 07:05 A.M.

There shouldn't be any issue at all with vignetting,that is mostly about how the lens is designed.

The lack of microlenses is completely unrelated

Vivek . , November 08, 2005; 08:34 A.M.

Great article, Bob. Thanks!

Mr. Smith , November 08, 2005; 08:35 A.M.

Just hope it kills the small sensors that almost everyone has been ranting about for it's high noise at iso 100 and above.

Rob Bernhard , November 08, 2005; 09:51 A.M.

<< not realising that the zoom lenses in 35mm P&S cameras were great f/4.5-13 jobbies >>

The thing is, the average consumer was fine with this. They got their zoom and used 400 or 800 speed film. It's only the hardware junkies that care about fast lenses on point and shoots. If the noise is indeed low for these sensors then limit the ISO to 200 or 400 and sell boatloads to consumers for lower prices. Maybe that'll give the manufacturers money to R&D a true digital Stylus Epic or equivalent.

Bob Atkins , November 08, 2005; 11:32 A.M.

The point is that average consumers are very happy with current digicams. Noise isn't an issue for them, they like the small size and they like the fast lenses. Resolution is fine for 4x6 prints and the occasional 8x10, which is all the average user wants. For the average user 5-6MP is enough.

You have to come up with some sort of marketing strategy to make people want bigger cameras. Not sure what thay would be.

Photo enthusiasts (like, maybe, the typical photo.net participant) might want the advantages of a larger sensor and be prepared to put up with the downside (larger cameras or fixed focal length lenses) but I doubt that such users are a signifcant fraction of the digicam market.

gabriele lopez , November 08, 2005; 12:08 P.M.

Good article, good points. Make that t4 you talk about and I will finally have my killer digicam...

Cheers.

Ben Kriete , November 08, 2005; 12:13 P.M.

Peter, I am interested by your estimates of Canon's cost to make various sensors. They sound reasonable to me, if maybe a little high based on what I know about what sort of profit margin companies usually need to stay afloat. Do you have any references or an explanation of how you came to them? Educated guesswork or is it based on an analysis of other commodities? Thanks.

Bill Tuthill , November 08, 2005; 01:33 P.M.

Key to the success of this chip is its high ISO performance, and given the Kodak 14N, that doesn't seem promising.

Fuji makes a Silvi F2.8 with 24-50/2.8-5.6 lens, which for APS-C would be 36-75/2.8-5.6 with excess coverage, so it is certainly possible to make a small P&S camera using this sensor.

Bas Scheffers , November 08, 2005; 03:17 P.M.

Rob, that is definitely true, but as bob said, customers don't care about noise now either. Just like the didn't care they needed "Kodak MAX" film in their P&S and their flashes still fired on bright sunny days.

So there is no incentive for manufacturers to put in both a bigger (always more expensive) sensor and then complement it with a slow zoom; there is no point in making a sensor that has as little noise at 800 or 1600 as current cameras have at 100 or 200 just so you can offset the slow lens you'd need for that bigger sensor.

At the end of the day, people that buy that kind of camera simply want a camera with as big a zoom and as many megapixels as possible for the least amount of money.

Rob Bernhard , November 08, 2005; 04:50 P.M.

<< as big a zoom and as many megapixels as possible for the least amount of money >>

I think there is a threshold of noise that the average consumer were to care about. If you jacked up any current camera that's limited to ISO 400 to ISO 800 or 1600, I'd be willing to bet people /would/ notice and shop accordingly.

So, given that camera size is important, zoom is important, MP is important, could a camera with this sensor provide more than what's currently available at an attractive price? What if a Canon SD400 had a 10x lens? Sure it might be f/11 at the long end, but you could easily run the sensor into ISO 800 or 1600 without any consumer being the wiser.

Just some random thoughts.

<< and their flashes still fired on bright sunny days >>

Hey, what's wrong with fill-flash? :)

Bob Atkins , November 08, 2005; 06:20 P.M.

Well it wouldn't be an SD400 anymore. The SD series are tiny cameras. That's their #1 appeal. There are cameras with more MP and more features for the same cost, but you can't put them in your shirt pocket!

Whatever current digtal camera you pick, an APS-C sensor version is going to be bigger and the lens is going to be slower. Sure, maybe you can jack the ISO up, but then with a slower lens you may have to!

Bigger sensors make sense where you need higher quality and you don't care much about the size, e.g. DSLRs and "premium" digicams.

Maybe someone should tell the Leica Digital rangfinder designers about this one...

Peter Yee , November 08, 2005; 10:46 P.M.

Ben, the sensor price is my educated guess based on couple of pieces of information. The first piece is the sensor manufacturing yields from an web article about the Canon 5D-

news.techwhack.com/1878/canon-5d-is-finally-unveiled

The sensor yields in the article appears to be realistic. The other information is the price difference of about $3500 between the 1Ds MkII and 1D MkII. Since the bodies and other electronics of the 1 series camera is about the same, the price differential is due to difference in sensor cost. I estimated the sensor yield of 1D MkII compared to the 1Ds MkII is about 8 to 1 so the sensor prices is about $500 and $4000 respectively. The 5D sensor cost and 20D sensor cost is extrapolated from the sensor yields compared to the 1Ds MkII sensor yield. The Xt sensor price is a pure guess on my part. The Xt has a slightly smaller sensor from the 20D and presumably built to a less stringent standard. My guess that increases the yield over the 20d by about 25%. Your right, my price is a bit high since I am using the sale price of the 1Ds and 1D as oppose to the manufacturing cost.

Rob Bernhard , November 09, 2005; 12:00 A.M.

<< Well it wouldn't be an SD400 anymore. The SD series are tiny cameras. >>

Why focus on three characters (10x) and build a response out of it?

The point I was trying to make, Bob, was that longer lenses with smaller apertures could be fit onto already small cameras with the larger sensors and utilize the lower noise, higher ISO values.

Angelo Perrino , November 09, 2005; 02:04 A.M.

I read that there's a monochrome version of this sensor. It if turns out to be a decent performer I'd love to see a 35mm rangefinder size body with 28mm 2.8 fixed lens attached! I'm sure it won't happen, but I can always hope. :-)

Angelo

melvin bramley , November 09, 2005; 02:17 A.M.

SO much for the sensor being the most expensive part of a DSLR! Re Canon 20D;approx $1500 minus sensor = $1410.Where did the rest go...Advertising? Now were talking real costs.

Bob Atkins , November 09, 2005; 02:21 A.M.

Rob, I don't think so.

I don't think you could slap an APS-C sensor into an SD400 and put a bigger lens on it without making the whole thing a lot bigger. For one thing you have to have the rear element of the lens a lot further from the sensor (if it's 4 times as big it needs to be 4x further away to get the same illumination angle). The lens also has to be physically bigger and longer. You also need more room for the sensor itself and you'd probably need something more than the tiny battery of the SD400 to power it all.

So what you end up with isn't an SD400 form factor, but something that's a lot closer to a traditional film based P&S zoom camera. Maybe slighly smaller, but not much. Since the major push has been to make consumer digicams smaller and smaller, this would require a reversal of that trend. However I'm sure the marketing and advertising departments of the camera manufacturers would be able to come up with some compelling reason why typical consumers really need cameras with bigger sensors in them!

omer akcelik , November 09, 2005; 05:15 A.M.

Bob do you think the the size of this sensor will require a body larger than, for eg' Canon's G series?

Olivier Gallen , November 09, 2005; 09:00 A.M.

A larger sensor may be interesting for a larger Dynamic Range (+1IL?), but for noise it is important to understand that it depends on the diameter of the front lens for a given field of view (or equivalent focal lengths range).

This may be different when we are reaching small f-numbers, just as in a fast fixed focal P&S (improved verison of the Epic/Mju-II and co).

Olivier

Ray Fraser , November 09, 2005; 01:14 P.M.

The press release indicates new imager delivers superior dynamic range. Are additional specifications for dynamic range available?

Martin Datzinger , November 09, 2005; 05:24 P.M.

Bob, you didn't comment the monochrome version. Why is that?

Kind regards, Martin

Bob Atkins , November 09, 2005; 06:07 P.M.

"Superior" with refence to what? You can't have a comparative without a reference. It's "Adspeak" and as such is meaningless. Copy writers toss in "superior", "better" etc. just to decorate the text. Not only is the dynamic range "superior" but so is the image quality and color rendition. It must have Sony and Canon quaking in their boots.

The press release mentions a monochrome version. I'd imagine that it would find industrial applications.

While there is a small (and somewhat rabid) community of photographers lusting after a true high quality B&W monochrome camera (SLR or high end digicam), I'd expect the profit to be made producing one would be small, so I do not expect to see a flood of monochrome digital cameras hitting the market. Maybe one or two will eventually surface - if you're very lucky. I'd suggest not holding your breath waiting for them though.

Martin Datzinger , November 09, 2005; 07:25 P.M.

I'm actually trying to convince the university where I studied IT to marry such a sensor and my dust-collecting Oly OM-2 :)

Kind regards, Martin

Tapani Tarvainen , November 11, 2005; 02:19 P.M.

If it actually performs well, i.e., has low noise and is usable with high ISO values, putting it in something like Ricoh GR Digital would make an interesting camera, to me at least.

I've long wanted a digital equivalent of Ricoh GR1; the GR digital doesn't quite cut it, but with a sensor like this...

Neil D. , November 12, 2005; 01:15 A.M.

Martin, I'm with you on that - but perhaps I'd prefer an OM-4 with the sensor (provided they fix the battery drain problem!)...

Franka T. Lieu , November 15, 2005; 04:35 P.M.

Don't know what, but the rumor aroudn here ( Asia ) is that this sensor is going into yet another bunch of DSLR. Make sense to me, Prosumer users had just about get used to high nominally high ISO and a rather fast mega zoom and to provide that in a bridgecam DC using such a sensor , it will simply be too big and heavy for the market. Ricoh's GR digital, and the Panasonic LC-1/Leica Digilux-2 just about prove that !!

Alex von Tiesenhausen , November 18, 2005; 09:47 P.M.

A fast fixed lens APS sensor point and shoot with an optical viewfinder would surely satisfy the needs of many photographers. I would carry one with me all of the time when my DSLR was not at hand. If a manufacturer had the courage to make this product, they would not be sorry.

Bill Van Antwerp , November 26, 2005; 01:40 A.M.

Clearly, Canon have no need for such a beast, they must have a lot of $ tied up in their production tools and plant. I think that the interested parties will be Nikon and Sigma who typically buy sensors from one of their main competitors (Sony).

A. Thomas Burke, Jr. , December 05, 2005; 06:59 P.M.

Well.... The big four could get out the old tooling for the APS SLRs they made and be in business again. Think of all those old APS non-used lenses floating around that could be used again. Could the APSers have the last laugh?

A. Thomas Burke, Jr. , December 05, 2005; 07:12 P.M.

Or... How about an "Olympus IS-6"?

Jason Meyers , February 08, 2006; 11:48 P.M.

I would seriously like to pick one of these up and throw it in the back of an old manual camera. Obviously, this is not the easiest process, but if it comes with a controller chip (their older, lesser sensors do), it would be a matter of an interface to some sort of memory (card or compouter), which could be interesting but should be doable, and of software to convert the raw to a usable format, a little less of a simple task.

The main problem is getting my hands on one and the documentation, considering that i am not nikon.

Ray Fraser , December 27, 2006; 10:23 A.M.

What has happened to the high dynamic range Cypress 9MP APS-C CMOS sensor?

Was Cpyress' $42 million cash acquisition of SMaL a BiG mistake?


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