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Soviet and Turkish voices in Berlin

by Philip Greenspun; created 1993

Translation: After a day of rest, I struggled over to Treptower Park's Soviet War Memorial, a dignified square kilometer of sculpture and open space. One enters through an arch ("Eternal fame to the heroes who fell for freedom and the liberation of their socialist homeland") and walks down a tree-lined avenue to a marble statue of Mother Russia. Turn left to two huge stone flags with 4m-high bronze soldiers in front and a football field-size area in back. ("The Motherland will not forget her heroes")

The football field has white stone slabs on the sides and an 11m-high statue at the far end (a soldier holds a child in one hand and spears a swastika with a sword held in the other hand). Each slab is edged with a quote from Uncle Joe and faced with relief sculptures of various phases of the war.


The Germans attack (Treptower Park, Berlin) The Germans attack
The Russians arm The Russians arm (Treptower Park, Berlin)
The Russians fight back (Treptower Park, Berlin) The Russians fight back

Under the big statue is a mausoleum with a socialist-realist mosaic surmounted with the words "today everyone recognizes that the Soviet people through its sacrificial struggle saved European civilization from the protagonists of the Fascist pogroms."

Although this monument was one of the most striking things I saw in all of Berlin, it was virtually untouristed. In fact, most of the West Berliners I spoke with had never heard of it. My hour at the monument was shared only by four older Russians and an English group, whose leader said "you are lucky to see it now because it will be gone in fifty years."

Anxious to see the German point of view, I stopped next at the Checkpoint Charlie museum, highlighting escape methods from Soviet-ruled East Germany. Newer rooms contain walls devoted to Gandhi in India and the struggle against Communism in the Warsaw Pact countries. At first these displays made sense to me, covering the common theme of "unwelcome guests in various countries." But then I wondered about the parallels that were being drawn. After all, the Czechs and Poles never planned to kill half the Russians and enslave the rest. I felt sorry for the 80 people killed trying to get through the Wall yet couldn't help thinking that it would have gone much harder for the Russians had Germany won the war.

In the evening, I joined a bunch of embassy staff for dinner in Kreuzberg, Berlin's Turkish/hip quarter. One of the diplomats spoke Turkish and had worked in our embassy there. Seen through his eyes, the neighborhood was astonishingly rich and peculiar. Many of the locals are super left-wing Turks or even Communist Kurds. Numerous signs supported Peru's Maoist Shining Path guerrillas. Someone had gotten up on a ladder and done a rather nice portrait of the recently arrested Shining Path leader in his prison stripes, 10m up the side of a building. Every little square was packed with Turkish families enjoying the warm evening. Children played together in the center and adults chatted on benches. Men wore Western suits, but their wives looked exotic in head scarves.

Once we stepped inside the restaurant, the Turks vanished to be replaced by long tables of raucous Germans laughing loudly and a bit drunkenly every 30 seconds or so. The menu was simple: roast chicken, roast chicken, or roast chicken. "Berlin is so interesting, you guys are really lucky to be stationed here, livin' large at taxpayer expense!" I remarked. "I like the city, but even after 15 years and speaking fluent German, I feel barriers with western Germans that I never felt with Italians, British, Turks, French, or Americans. Part of it is the smugness. For example, Germans will give you a long lecture about how much better they are at recycling than Americans. The truth is that their consumers are better but their industry is so much worse that the U.S. is better at recycling overall," noted an economics expert. "I've been having trouble dating here," complained a single fellow, "all the women look as though they just lost their best friend."

On the subway ride home I sat next to a really beautiful young woman with dark features and heavy silver jewelry. "Your English is remarkably good compared to most of the Germans I've met," I offered. "I'm not German. I'm Turkish!" she replied. "I was born here, but I'm not a German citizen. My passport is Turkish and that's true sometimes even for third-generation immigrants." Why couldn't she get a German passport? "Oh, the laws are Byzantine, but I could get a German passport if I wanted one. I don't. I don't have that much affinity for German culture, to tell you the truth, and even if I did, Germans would never accept me as German."

Berlin crowds shopping on Saturday morning My last full day in Berlin was a Saturday and it underscored a lot of my previous experiences in Germany. Stores can only legally open during certain hours, mostly coinciding with the hours that people work. Thus, the only time many people can shop is Saturday between nine and one. Imagine midtown Manhattan on the Saturday before Christmas and you'll have a fair idea of how crowded Berlin's main shopping district is every Saturday. Shopping is a special case of a general principle: Only one way of life is sanctioned in Germany. There are prescribed times for shopping, eating, and working. Want to shop for a book after 6:30 at night? Drive to Switzerland. You'd like to have a late dinner? Drive to France. Fancy buying ingredients for ethnic food? Fly to the U.S. People who like the prescribed way of life find that everything is convenient for them. People who don't want to live that way are often unhappy and consider emigrating. I never fully understood why the U.S. has the world's lowest rate of emigration. Italy and France, for example, oftentimes seem like nicer places to live. [In 29 years I've only met one American who expressed a genuine preference for longterm life overseas and I love his reason. He once read a survey of Americans who lived near airports. More than 80% of the people reported that airplane noise bothered them when they were watching TV but only 10% said that it disturbed them while making love.] In Germany, however, the reason nobody leaves the U.S. hit me: it is impossible to be a misfit in America. Each of us can choose a culture, climate, landscape, working hours, shopping hours, etc.

Whilst traveling in third countries, I'd had some difficulty understanding prejudiced anti-American statements I'd heard from so many young West Germans, but spending time here cleared up some of my confusion. First of all, older Germans from both East and West like Americans because they compare us to the Russians. For young West Germans, however, history starts when they became ten years old. Among the ones who've never been to America, there is a common laundry list of negative prejudices. America the land is an string of impoverished ghettos separated by vast distances of sometimes attractive scenery punctuated by wasteful, polluting and inefficient factories. Americans the people are too selfish to help the poor. Americans as people are ignorant of geography, culture, and cuisine. Americans are loud and shallow. We get no credit for never having started a world war, enslaved and plundered our part of conquered Germany, nor rolled over Canada and Mexico and sent their citizens to the gas chambers.

My epiphany came on this crowded Saturday: prejudiced Germans have only met American tourists in Germany. American tourists in Germany are in a bad mood because (1) the Germans around them are in a bad mood, (2) the bizarre opening laws leave them without essential items when they need them, (3) they can't get the variety of food they're used to, (4) the country is crowded, and (5) the prices are shocking. New Zealanders love every nationality because even people who are miserable at home catch the contagious national happiness there; Germans dislike many nationalities because even people who are happy at home catch the contagious national tension there.

Some German prejudices can't be explained by my pet theory. I looked up "USA" in a German encyclopedia once to see if that were the source of the German belief that Americans are geography ignoramuses. The first picture was captioned "USA: Morain Lake in Banff National Park in the Rocky Mountains" (for those of you whose geography is as bad as the Germans think, Banff is a good 250 km into Canada). The next night I encountered a well-educated 25ish German woman whose dream was to visit Siberia. I told her about my plans to drive to Alaska and she looked very confused. It turned out that she thought Alaska was an island in the North Atlantic.

Feeling uncommonly proud of myself for having developed so many brilliant insights and for having successfully done a little pre-Prague shopping, I dropped into the Egyptian museum to see the bust of Nefertiti. This is allegedly the finest thing ever to be hauled out of ancient Egypt. It was very fine and beautiful to the modern eye, which is impressive in something that old, but Egyptian stuff looks pretty forlorn when it has been ripped out of context.

Schloss Charlottenburg, destroyed by British bombers but rebuilt as the Berlin nexus of German tourism Back out in front of the Schloss Charlottenburg I noted the huge line of German tour buses--this is where all the people who don't visit the Soviet War Memorial go. Jean and Carlos met me and we joined a guided tour of this palace. It encapsulates official tourist Berlin rather nicely. First, it is a mediocre copy of French styles and concentrates more on quantity than quality. Second, most of its original art, particularly the beautiful ceilings, were destroyed by Allied bombs. Third, the only way to see it was an overlong tour narrated ad nauseam only in German. The narration was so boring that we tuned it out and chatted with Vera, a super-German blonde, and Steve, her British boyfriend.

Vera was about to forsake her native land to join Steve in London. As soon as she said this, the drama of the 1993 European unification hit me: one can simply decide to live and work in any country now without having to romance any bureaucracy. I asked Vera if she didn't mind leaving her native country. "I don't really like Germans or Germany. Besides, now is a good time to leave." Because of the economic downturn? "No, because of the political situation. There is so much tension between factions and I don't like the hatred of immigrants."

Vera was about the 50th German I'd met who had mentioned emigration and by then I had decided that the country was divided into two groups: people who could never fit in anywhere that wasn't exactly like Germany, and people who could never fit in anywhere that was too much like Germany. Members of the first group would be appalled to find that most American restaurants don't have special glasses for different kinds of beer. Members of the second group are exemplified by Dr. Anton, my companion from Heathrow to Stuttgart. Anton had worked in hospitals in New Zealand, England and Germany. "I'm emigrating to New Zealand in January because people die happy there. If they're 60 and get cancer, they don't mind dying because they've lived 60 good years. Sixty-year-old Germans struggle bitterly for life because they've never been happy." [Anton was also notable for his folk wisdom. A reference to a Black Forest girl with a heart of gold brought this response: Ein Mann ein Wort. Eine Frau ein Wörterbuch. ("A man a word; a woman a dictionary."]

We ate dinner at a pricey "Mexican" restaurant, with a choice of two quasi-Mexican dishes and 20 beers. Then we decamped to a party attended by a surprising number of South Americans of German descent. In a perverse twist on the U.S./England situation, they had come back to the Old World seeking economic opportunity. They reminded me of the super-patriot American immigrants of the 1920s who loved the U.S. with their heart and soul (was it Irving Berlin who said he loved to pay income tax?). When they found I was American, they vented their rage on the subject of the U.S.'s new Holocaust Memorial. They vehemently concurred with the prevailing German opinion that it should have been balanced by another memorial to the wondrous achievements of the new democratic Germany. I quipped that they could donate one of their monuments to the victims of Stalinism but nobody laughed.

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mike raines , August 06, 1999; 01:49 P.M.

I was in Berlin for 3 weeks about a year and half ago. How I wish I'd gone there before the wall fell. Nevertheless, I thoroughly enjoyed my visit - it was in December, during Christmas season, and it was absolutely amazing how people really get into the Christmas spirit. More camaraderie than commercialism, unlike the US. I visited some of the museums (I especially liked Checkpoint Charlie and the Pergamon), but the club scene was what I really wanted to check out, and hands down, Berlin is THE party city! I found the German people to be friendly but indifferent. And I rarely ran into the surliness expounded upon in your article. The food was OK, but the beer more than made up for it. I liked the imbiss stands, especially the currywurst, and the Turkish restaurants in Kreuzberg. Getting around is easy thanks to the U-Bahn and S-Bahn - the only time I was in a car was the taxi to the airport to leave. I never felt in any danger or threatened at all, but it could be because I have german heritage - more than once someone would come up to me and start speaking in German. "Ich kann kein deutsch" - "I can't speak German" - was very helpful. I've got the look, I was told. Learn at least a few German terms before you go - I was stunned to find out, as pointed out in your article, that Germans don't or won't speak English. I can't wait to go back in the summertime for the Love Parade!

mike

Amanda Doster , July 12, 2000; 11:36 P.M.

<rant>

Amazing, in just a few short days your typically American condescension and narrow-mindedness enabled you to find the aspects of Berlin that would confirm your preconceptions.

Funny, your travelogue closesly resembles the sort of whiny, self-indulgent drivel I wrote in my journals when, at age 12, my parents moved our family to the former East Germany. I, too, thought that quality of life had something to do with the size of grocery stores and their hours of operation. I thought genuine interaction had something to do with phatic communication. I was twelve years old, what's your excuse?

My God, anyone dumb enough to trust a British guide book to reveal anything pleasant about Germany deserves such wretched impressions.

The city you 'discovered' in a matter of days does not at all resemble the city I lived in for several years.

</rant>

Amanda Doster , July 14, 2000; 12:11 A.M.

Just a clarification: My above comment is directed toward the author of these pages, and not the person who posted before I did. My apologies for any confusion.

george golden , September 03, 2000; 02:31 P.M.

i am an american who has been living in berlin for 5 years now. i have worked very hard to learn german, and to learn as much about berlin and its history as i can. everyone who has visted me here (and i also do tours for students) has always told me how much they enjoyed berlin. sometimes the people can be rude, but they can be rude in new york too. most people i have met here are nothing but kind and helpful, and that includes the east germans (i live in the east) i love this city, and i think you missed seeing the soul of berlin, the atmosphere that it has. most your photos are only of the tourist spots. i am amazed that you even went to kreuzberg and to the soviet memorial in treptow. your comments about the food selection show that you had no understanding of the situation in east berlin at that time. no limes in the market???? how about a telephone that works and no coal heating???? would you be in a good mood if you had to come home everyday in winter and haul coal up from the cellar? its all changed now, so you can come and visit again, and yes you can buy limes and kiwis and litchis and just about anything you can dream of. berlin has now reached the accepted standards of the west, so its safe for all americans to come and visit. the only thing is, now that there are limes at the supermarket, berlin is not so much different than some american city. sometimes i miss the old berlin, and ask myself why do we want the american comforts to follow us around the world? do i really want to be able to buy lays potato chips in some tiny little town in siberia? i think you should come back to berlin, and try it again. and stay away from the tourist spots!!! and keep an open mind... ps. i have never, ever noticed that germans smell bad. they seem to be bathing specialists, for all of their bath gels and bath salts and bath cures.

Christoph Jess , November 03, 2000; 07:06 P.M.

First of all let me start by saying that I greatly enjoyed reading this story/article and viewing all the pictures, most of which are quite beautiful. I was born in the U.S., but my family is German, and I moved to Frankfurt as achild and grew up there, moving back to the States in '96 to attend college. I have also visited Berlin, twice. Unfortunately, I think the author, having travelled a lot, thinks quite highly of himself and his ability to comment on everything. I do not want to start comparing history and cultures, mainly because I have had many (too many) argunments since I moved back to the U.S. with people who share similar views as the author. Unfortunately, a certain sentence moved me to write this comment.

The author ran across this opinion: "Americans as people are ignorant of geography, culture, and cuisine. Americans are loud and shallow. We get no credit for never having started a world war, enslaved and plundered our part of conquered Germany, nor rolled over Canada and Mexico and sent their citizens to the gas chambers."

Let me comment in two parts; living here I naturally have encountered many Americans, and yes, I have to agree, that in many if not most cases they are ignorant of geography, culture and cuisine. This opinion is widely shared by my American friends who have seen the world and come back home. And noone can argue with me on these terms after hearing the opinion (of a girl I met in Los Angeles) that the castle at the gates of Disney World was the original, and for some weird reason the Neuschwanstein Castle must be a replica. How sad. Also, most 'normal' restaurants (meaning not the high-end ones) meet foreign cuisine only by adapting American ways... no way can you find BBQ chicken pizza in Italy, yet it's everywhere in Italian restaurants here in the U.S. As to the second part: I am not in any way proud of Germanies history of starting wars, nor of the horrible acts of crime committed in WWII. But the way the author wraps it all up in one nice sentence to describe what Germany has been up to in the past centuries is utterly offensive to me. And conceirning the lack of museums and such on the history of the Holocaust and Jewish culture in Germany, or the apparent willingness of Germans to forget all about it... think about it. Would you build museums over and over again about something the world hates you for? About something that - yes! - Germans are trying not to forget but in a way leave behind as a terrible memory never to be forgotten but yet to be left behind so one can move on? I have not yet encountered a single museum in the U.S. that deals with the extreme takeover of America from the Native Indians. Growing up in Germany and attending a full 13 years of school there I can assure you that WWII and the horrors of the Holocaust are far from being forgotten. Not a year of history lessons goes by without touching this subject. Believe me, most Germans are VERY aware of their past, more so than most Americans that should be dealing with the killing of the Natives and slavery with African people. Also the author was commenting on the look of East Berlin. What do you expect of a city that was under ruling of a Nation without money or means to restore for over 40 years? Berlin, including East Berlin is a lot nicer now, and is still being remodeled as of today. How can you even assume that it would only take 3 years to clean up the mess it was in? I'm sorry there wasn't a McDonalds at every street corner by the time you visited. Well, I see you liked Prague better... I assume you had some "culturally enriched" food at either Planet Hollywood, T.G.I. Friday's or Dunkin' Donuts... all three of which are conveniantly present around the main market square... very sad.

Tyler Becker , March 26, 2001; 05:34 P.M.

As a Canadian I view myself as rather impartial. However, I do agree with most of the other comments. Berlin is a beautiful place with character. I lived in Mitte (old East Berlin) last summer and loved it. I speak very little German and found the people very helpfull and patient with me. I tried to stay away from the tourist traps and get a feeling for the culture.

I can not imagine the effort it would take to rebuild a city, but by the look of things now, and the energy of Berlins citizens I know that it will once again look as beautyfull on the outside as it does on the inside.

As for American influence, I was sad to see a Burger king open on the little narrow street in mitte. I stuck to all the little German restaurants. I can get BK on every corner here in Canada. I found American tourists would not even attemt to communicate in German. I would always start off a conversation in German, often it would lead to English. Im sure if I went to NY and just started ordering food in German the waiter would give me a wierd look. At least Germans have the Atlantic ocean as a buffer. When in Rome do as the Romans.

My most proudest moment was talking my was out of a parking ticket with the imfamously mean German police. As it turns out both the officers English was a poor as my German, but they turned out to be two of the nicest people I met on my trip!

I cant wait to go back and visit Berlin, this time I HAVE to catch the love parade.

Jeroen Wenting , June 19, 2001; 04:13 P.M.

I have been in Berlin only once, and that before the Wende (or the fall of the wall as it is called outside Germany). I am also not a German. East Berlin at the time was a ghosttown, but in that it was no different from cities in the USSR, which was the rolemodel for the DDR (GDR) party leadership. There was no need for museums about the Nazi era. All the people should know was told them through propaganda and the memorials of Soviet liberation you so despise but are a part of their culture just as much as those of the federal victories in the US civil war are for the US. If someone in the US proposes a memorial or museum about the Southern forces, he is chastised for being a white supremacist. The same works in Germany. Any interest in the Nazi era is seen as suspect because you may have fascist or general racist interests. In that German and US culture are remarkably similar. East German people at the time were cold and impersonal. When I was there it was fear of fraternising with foreigners, when you were there it was a combination of jealousy (they were low in German society. Menial jobs, low wages, high unemployment) of outsiders and general dislike of foreigners (who can blame them after seeing Soviets for 40 years). In my experience Germans are good and friendly people, most of whom speak passable English. I do usually speak German when in Germany, but they do seem more friendly when they notice you are from out of town so to speak.

iggy glinsky , August 19, 2001; 04:01 P.M.

On the previous comment: "who can blame them after seeing Soviets for 40 years"? Have you ever seen one? Germans got it easy, they weren't enslaved and exterminated(as they probably should have following their own logic). I think you totally misinterpreted Phil impressions of the memorials. The comparison is there, should fucking Hans have taken over Russia, Russians would have got it much worse than Hans got it after Soviet "occupation". Phil never claims that he went on an anthropological journey deep inside German soul(to find out what "magic" sparked the meticulously thought out "Final Solution" for instance). Just impressions, nothing more.

Andy Briggs , November 20, 2002; 08:46 A.M.

Phillip Greenspun has done his nation proud. Once more, he has shown up the common (mis)conception that all Americans are loud mouthed, ignorant, racist fools. I get the impression that Greenspun would have been better served by staying in the USA, instead of trying to chase skirt around the cultural hotspots of Europe.

I was particularly offended by the constant reference to German history under the third reich and how modern Germany attempts to air-brush it's past away. This is pretty rich coming from an American. Everytime there's a whiff of ethnic cleansing going on in an obscure part of the world the Americans send in Apache helicopters. Very Ironic.

Further more, complaining about european food is ridiculous. The Italians gave us fantastic food. French gastronomy is renouned throughout the world. The good old USofA's most succesful export is McDonalds - Hardly the greatest food that western cuisine has to offer! Perhaps you wanted to grab a tex/mex from Pizza Hut. I don't know.

I'm not trying to cause offence to American's here, but I think it's only fair to point out that in my travels I have found that regional differences are the most interesting thing in any country. People don't change from Afghanistan through to Zambia. People's living standards do. Thank god this world isn't one size fits all, or that everything all looks the same. It is the differences we try to photograph.

Remember Yoda "Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter"

Robin Massart , December 26, 2003; 06:48 A.M.

The author seems to have forgotten that the american settlers more or less wiped out the Native American race. All large nations, especially colonial ones, have dirt on their hands whether in this century or 2000 years ago. Please don't try and pretend that the Germans are more 'evil' than other nations.

Robert Wise , May 07, 2004; 05:22 P.M.

I (German, but in Texas since 98) found Philip's views interesting.

I have met people of similar opinion at the Jewish community in Berlin. Every Jew in the US knows somebody, is related to, or is himself somebody who was tortured or killed by Nazis. The difference between a Nazi and a German is blurry to most.

Hardly any German knows somebody, is related or or is himself somebody who tortured or killed Jews.

For all those interested only in a Berlin trip that emphasizes the Nazi's mass murder of Jews and others, please contact the Jewish organizations in Berlin. (I had participated in semi-mandatory field trip to the Jewish community in Berlin in 10th grade.) You will get an (understandably) biased view, but you will find it very agreeable.

Similarly I would recommend to all those that like to bash the US because of slavery and native American wars, to find those US organizations which seek restitution for those unjustices.

The rest (most likely a very small minority) will find the USA fantastic, and German supberb as it is. Germans are still the largest ethnic group in the US and in 40 states (source: US Census 1990), and there is much more common ground than difference.

I lived in Berlin, when I was in my twenties. I remember her like an old girl-friend. Good times, but I wouldn't want to share all stories with the world, and some of it, I wouldn't do again.

I got married to Texas. The love of my life.


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